Computers cannot generate truly random numbers, as they are deterministic machines that follow predetermined instructions. However, they can generate pseudo-random numbers using algorithms that simulate randomness. These algorithms are called pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs).
A PRNG starts with a seed value, which is used to initiate the algorithm. The algorithm then uses mathematical operations, such as multiplication, addition, and modulo arithmetic, to generate a sequence of numbers that appear to be random. However, this sequence is actually deterministic and reproducible, as it is based on the seed value and the algorithm.
To make the generated numbers appear more random, PRNGs often use a combination of factors such as the current time, the computer's memory usage, or other unpredictable inputs as the seed value. This helps to increase the randomness of the sequence, although it is still not truly random.
It's important to note that some applications, such as cryptography or gambling, require truly random numbers. In these cases, specialized hardware, such as a hardware random number generator (HRNG), is used to generate random numbers.
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